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Overview

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ℹ How to use the local authority pages?

This report separates the topics of social care into different sections. Each section provides an overview of the challenges faced by different groups of people in Halton. The report also includes key metrics that can help local authorities understand the social care landscape in their area. You can select these areas on the top menu, or using the “accordion menu” in the top right hand corner on mobile.

This report uses interactive visuals. On desktop, you may hover over the charts to see more information. On mobile, you can click on the charts to see more information.

This report also uses AI to summarise charts (these blocks will have a “✨” icon and a light blue background. You can vote on the accuracy of these summaries by clicking on the green check “✅” or red cross “❌”. We want to hear from you, and your feedback will be taken into consideration for subsequent versions.

The report also uses AI to create summaries of all the series within each section, and also summarises all sections into an overall section. These summaries are denoted with the same icon, and a light green background. Please vote on these blocks, just as you would in the summarising blocks.

About this section:

This page provides an overview of social care in Halton, along with key metrics that could affect social care. Understanding these metrics is important because they help contextualise the challenges with social care provision in each local authority. These statistics are important to keep in mind when reviewing the other pages.

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Why is this important?

Why are these metrics important? Population size and density can affect the demand for social care services. For example, if a local authority has a high population (relative to other areas), it may need to allocate more resources to meet care needs. Similarly, areas with high population density may require more care services due to the increased number of people living in close proximity. Inversely, areas with a low population density may have fewer care needs, but residents may face challenges accessing services due to the distance between them. Lastly, people in rural areas might live further away from services, which can impact their ability to access care, or make it more expensive to provide.

Understanding these metrics can help local authorities plan and allocate resources effectively.

What is this chart saying?

The number of people living in Halton has been going up each year from 2019 to 2023. In 2019, Halton's population was lower than the average population of other areas, and by 2023, it remained lower than that average. This shows that while Halton is growing, it is still smaller compared to other places. Understanding these numbers helps us see how many people might need care and services, and if Halton can plan well to help everyone, including disabled people.

In Halton, there are about 1,624 people living in each square kilometer. This is less crowded than the average for bigger places, which is around 2,469 people per square kilometer. This means Halton has more space per person compared to busier areas. Understanding this helps us see how many people share the space around us in Halton.

Sources:

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Deprivation decile

Why is this important?

Deprivation decile is a measure of the level of deprivation in a local authority. It is calculated by ranking areas in England from 1 (most deprived) to 10 (least deprived) based on factors such as income, employment, education, and health. A higher decile indicates lower levels of deprivation, while a lower decile suggests higher levels of deprivation. Understanding deprivation levels can help local authorities identify areas that may require additional support and resources to address social care needs.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, people face more difficulties than in other areas. On average, Halton has a score of 3.8, which is lower than the England average of 5.9. This means Halton has more problems with things like money, jobs, and healthcare. The difficulties in Halton are not the same for everyone. Some areas in Halton have more problems than others, with a score difference of 2.86, which is bigger than the England average difference of 2.3. This information helps us understand where help is needed most in Halton.

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Deprivation rank

Why is this important?

Deprivation rank is a measure of the relative deprivation of a local authority compared to other areas in England. It is calculated by ranking areas from 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived) Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), which can be thought of as “small areas”. This rank is based on factors such as income, employment, education, and health. A lower rank indicates higher levels of deprivation, while a higher rank suggests lower levels of deprivation. Understanding deprivation ranks can help local authorities identify areas that may require additional support and resources to address social care needs.

What is this chart saying?

Halton has a mean deprivation rank of about 10,693. The average in England is around 17,686. This means Halton is less deprived than some areas, as the rank is lower. Lower numbers are better because they show less deprivation. There are a total of 32,844 small areas measured like this. It's important to understand how your area compares, as it affects resources and support. This helps make sure the right help gets to where it's needed. Simple information like this can be useful for everyone.

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Overview of social care in Halton

Analysis of Social Care Data for Halton

Halton is a region with a population of around 129,587 people in 2023, which is smaller than the average population in England. The area is more urban, with only 3.6% being rural, compared to the national average of 34.6%. Halton has higher levels of deprivation, with a mean deprivation decile of 3.8, lower than the England average of 5.9. This indicates that Halton faces more social and economic challenges than many other regions.

Disability and Care Needs

The proportion of people with disabilities in Halton is 22.6%, higher than the national average of 17.6%. This suggests that there is a greater need for care and support services in the area. The higher disability rate may be due to various factors, including health issues linked to deprivation.

Working-Age Adults Receiving Care

In 2024, there were 840 requests for care from working-age adults (18-64 years old) in Halton. This amounts to 648.21 requests per 100,000 people, which is lower than the national average of 1,143.48 requests per 100,000 people. Despite fewer requests, the number of working-age adults receiving care in Halton is higher than average. There are 945 people receiving care, which is 729.24 per 100,000 people, compared to the national average of 532.68 per 100,000 people.

This indicates that while fewer working-age adults are requesting care, a higher proportion of those who do request it are receiving services. It could suggest that care services in Halton are more effective at providing support to those in need, or it might reflect a higher demand for continuous care among this age group.

Types of Care for Working-Age Adults

Various types of care are provided to working-age adults in Halton. For example, 223.79 per 100,000 people receive direct payment only for community care, which is higher than the national average of 122.17. This suggests that Halton supports individuals to manage their own care through direct payments more than other areas. However, fewer people receive part direct payments or managed personal budgets compared to national figures.

Older Adults Receiving Care

For adults aged 65 and over, there were 2,135 requests for care in 2024. This is 1,647.54 requests per 100,000 people, which is lower than the national average of 2,437.85 per 100,000 people. Despite fewer requests, Halton has more older adults receiving care. There are 1,760 people receiving care, amounting to 1,358.16 per 100,000 people, compared to the national average of 1,002.86 per 100,000 people.

This could mean that while fewer older adults are seeking help, those who do are more likely to receive support. It might also suggest that Halton is efficient in assessing and providing care to its older population.

Types of Care for Older Adults

In Halton, 474.58 per 100,000 older adults receive managed personal budgets for community care, which is slightly lower than the national average of 507.92. However, more older adults receive residential care, with 316.39 per 100,000 people compared to the national average of 249.93. This indicates a higher reliance on residential care services in Halton.

Unpaid Carers

There are 10,680.56 unpaid carers per 100,000 people in Halton, which is higher than the national average of 8,203.68. This shows a strong community support system where many people provide care without payment. However, only 28.1% of carers reported having as much social contact as they would like, slightly below the national average of 29.3%. This suggests that unpaid carers may feel isolated or lack social support.

Accessibility of Information

A higher proportion of carers in Halton feel it is easy to find information about services, with 66.2% agreeing, compared to the national average of 59.3%. Similarly, 70.2% of people using services find it easy to get information, slightly above the national average of 68.2%. This indicates that Halton provides good access to information about care services.

Satisfaction with Care Services

About 68.7% of respondents in Halton are satisfied with their care and support, which is higher than the national average of 64.7%. This suggests that most people in Halton are happy with the services they receive. However, there is also dissatisfaction reported by 57% of people, indicating that there is still room for improvement.

Staffing Challenges

The turnover rate for care staff in Halton is 25.43%, similar to the regional average. A significant 69.5% of providers find it more challenging to retain staff, and 81.34% find it more challenging to recruit staff compared to previous years. The vacancy rate is 11.11%, higher than the average of 8.4%. These figures show that staffing is a major issue in Halton's care sector, which could impact the quality and availability of services.

Care Providers and Quality

There are 11 community-based care providers and 23 residential social care providers in Halton. Both numbers are below the national averages of 63.8 and 91, respectively. Additionally, 26.47% of care providers in Halton need improvement or are inadequate, which is higher than the national average of 16.8%. This indicates concerns about the quality of some care services in the area.

Delayed Discharges from Hospital

In November 2024, 97.56% of discharges from hospitals to Halton were acceptable, higher than the national average of 89%. However, 9.69% of discharges were delayed, slightly below the national average of 12.3%. The average delay was 1.07 days, more than the national average of 0.7 days. This suggests that while most discharges are timely, delays can be longer in Halton.

Financial Expenditure on Social Care

Halton's gross total expenditure on social care is £63,733.46 per 100,000 people, higher than the national average of £47,758.16. The net total expenditure is £52,796.40 per 100,000 people, also above the national average of £40,471.81. Client contributions and NHS contributions are both higher in Halton compared to national averages. This indicates that Halton invests more in social care services, which may contribute to the higher satisfaction levels.

Conclusion

Overall, Halton demonstrates a strong commitment to providing social care services, with higher expenditures and higher satisfaction rates. The region faces challenges related to higher disability rates and staffing difficulties. While there are concerns about the quality of some care providers and staffing vacancies, the higher investment in social care and the effectiveness in delivering services to those who need them are positive aspects. Addressing staffing challenges and continuing to improve the quality of care providers will be important for maintaining and enhancing social care services in Halton.

People with needs

About this section:

Many people want care, some receive care, but a significant number go without. What types of care are being requested? What care is actually provided? This section explores the gap between need and provision, the types of care available, and how our own data contributes to the understanding of these challenges.

Access Social Care and other Helplines providers are working to bridge this gap by providing free legal support to people who are struggling to access social care services. This first chart illustrates the types of calls we are getting.

The rest of this page distingushes between the different types of care provided to Working Age People and Older People, as we are able to disaggregate at a greater level of granularity.

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Why is this important?

Note: these values are a work in progress… expect these numbers to go up

This plot shows a breakdown of the types of requests for assistance received by Access Social Care and other helplines. Understanding the themes of these calls can identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of calls related to housing may indicate a need for more affordable housing options, while a high number of calls related to social care assessments may suggest a need for improved access to care services. The request types are:

  • Assessments: An assessment is a meeting or form to find out what help someone needs with daily tasks.

  • Care Plan: A care plan is a written agreement that lists the support you’ll get and who to contact if things change.

  • Carers: Carers are people who help a disabled or ill person with daily tasks.

  • Charging: Charging refers to checking if you can afford to pay for some of your care based on your savings.

  • Information Seeking: Information seeking means getting advice about available care options.

  • Legal Issues and Complaints: Legal issues and complaints involve reporting problems with your care to the council or an ombudsman.

  • Safeguarding: Safeguarding is protecting people from abuse or neglect.

Of course, high numbers also mean that people know where to call, and this number can be impacted by advocacy efforts. As a counterpoint, areas with low numbers may indicate a lack of awareness of available services or a need for more outreach to connect people with support.

To protect privacy, our minimum bin size is 5, which means that if we field 1-5 queries on a topic, we display 5.

Are you a helpline and would like to combine data resources? Let us know!

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, many people need help with assessments and mental capacity. The number of requests for these is higher compared to the average in England. For example, for every 100,000 people, around 3 in Halton ask for help with assessments, which is more than the England average. Also, the same number of people ask for help with mental capacity, which is much higher than the average in England. However, fewer people in Halton need help with charging for services compared to the England average. Remember, these numbers help us understand how we can better support people with different needs in Halton.

Source:

Access Social Care casework, AccessAva data, and helpline partner submissions


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Working Age People

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Why is this important?

Knowing how many people are requesting social care, how many people are recieving care and what percent of people are disabled helps understand need and social care provision at a top level. For example, a high number of people requesting care may indicate a need for additional resources or services, while a low number of people receiving care may suggest a gap in service provision. Understanding these metrics can help identify areas where additional support may be needed.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, more people need care compared to the average. For every 100,000 people, 648 asked for care, which is less than usual in other places. But 729 people received care, which is much more than the average of 533 elsewhere. This means Halton is doing well, helping more people with care needs. The level of disability is higher here at nearly 23, with the average being almost 18. This tells us that many people in Halton need and get the help they need.

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Case study

MW was diagnosed with Functional Chronic Pain, she cannot walk without support, she holds on to her furniture to move around the house. She uses a wheelchair, especially when she goes out, with support from friends and family. She lives on second floor with 5 flights because of the way the building is designed and there is no lift. She never goes out because of the difficulties she experiences with the stairs. She needs help with cooking, cleaning, shopping and showering. She relies on friends and her mum who has knee replacement.

She was referred by the Social Prescriber who referred her onto also referred her to Croydon Adult Support, they told her they are short of staff to allocate her a social worker, so she was placed on a long waiting list. MW case still hadn’t progressed until the Social Prescriber, who had been recently trained on the Care Act, referred her to Access Social Care’s free legal Chatbot letter clinic.

The legal clinic volunteer completed a letter to Croydon Council with MW within a week which was sent to Adult Social Services. Access Social Care then called her after two weeks to complete a follow up survey. MW informed them that she had had an assessment and was waiting to hear back from Croydon following the panel meeting. Social Services has now done the assessment after which the panel offered MW 9 hours of social care support.

This case study is based on real data from Croydon. Have a story to tell? Let us know, and we might display it here!

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Types of care provided

Why is this important?

This plot shows the types of care provided to working-age people in Halton. Understanding the types of care available can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of people receiving personal care may indicate a need for more support with daily living activities, while a high number of people receiving respite care may suggest a need for additional support for carers.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, more people aged 18 to 64 receive community care through direct payments compared to the England average. This means 224 people per 100,000 get this kind of help, which is much higher than the average of about 122 per 100,000 in England. Community care with personal budgets or commissioned support is also higher than in England. These numbers show that community support options are widely used in Halton, providing flexible help for people who need it. However, fewer people receive residential care compared to the average in England, which may mean there is a stronger focus on helping people stay in their homes. Understanding this can help improve and shape care services in the area, making sure everyone's needs are met.

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Overall summary of the Working-age people challenges in this locality

Analysis of Disability Data in Halton

In Halton, 22.6% of people have a disability. This is higher than the England average of 17.6%. This means that Halton has more people with disabilities than many other places in England.

Requests for Care from Working-Age Adults

In 2024, there were 840 requests for care from people of working age in Halton. This is 648.2 requests per 100,000 people. The England average is higher, with 1,143.5 requests per 100,000 people. This suggests that fewer working-age people in Halton are asking for care compared to other areas. It might be that people are not aware of the services, or they might be receiving help in other ways.

People Receiving Care Aged 18 to 64

In the same year, 945 people aged 18 to 64 in Halton received care. This is 729.2 people per 100,000, which is higher than the England average of 532.7 per 100,000. This means that more people in this age group are receiving care in Halton than in other parts of England. Even though fewer people are requesting care, more are getting it. This could mean that services in Halton are good at finding and helping people who need support.

Types of Care Received

Many people in Halton receive care in different ways. Some get help in nursing homes, some in residential homes, and many get support in the community.

For nursing care, 20 people in Halton received this service, which is 15.4 people per 100,000. The England average is similar at 13.8 per 100,000.

In residential care, 55 people in Halton received help. This is 42.4 people per 100,000, while the England average is higher at 60.6 per 100,000. So, fewer people in Halton are in residential care compared to the national average.

Many people in Halton receive community care with direct payments. There are 290 people in this group, which is 223.8 per 100,000. This is higher than the England average of 122.2 per 100,000. This shows that people in Halton prefer to receive care in their own homes and manage their own support.

Other forms of community care in Halton also have higher rates than the national average. This means that services in Halton are supporting people to live independently.

Population and Deprivation Context

Halton has a population of around 129,587 people in 2023. The area is more urban, with only 3.6% rural, compared to the England average of 34.6% rural. The population density is 1,624.3 people per square kilometre, which is lower than the England average of 2,468.5.

Halton is more deprived than many other areas. The mean deprivation decile is 3.8, while the England average is 5.9. A lower decile means more deprivation. This higher level of deprivation can be linked to higher rates of disability. People in deprived areas may have more health problems and need more support.

Implications for Services

The higher proportion of disabled people in Halton means that there is a greater need for care services. Even though fewer working-age people are requesting care, more are receiving it. This could mean that services are proactive in reaching out to those in need.

The preference for community-based care suggests that people in Halton wish to stay in their homes while receiving support. Care providers should focus on offering services that allow people to live independently. This can improve quality of life and may be more cost-effective.

Given the higher levels of deprivation, there may be more challenges in accessing care. Services need to be accessible and affordable to meet the needs of the population. Ensuring that people know about the support available is important.

Conclusion

Halton has a higher rate of disability than the national average. Care services are being used more by people aged 18 to 64, especially in community settings. This highlights the importance of providing community care and support in Halton. Service providers and policymakers should focus on these areas to ensure that the needs of disabled people are met.


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Older People

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Why is this important?

Just like with Working Age people, knowing how many older people are requesting social care, how many people are recieving care and what percent of the population is 65+ helps understand need and social care provision at a top level.

What is this chart saying?

The number of older people in Halton is rising. In 2023, more people over 65 needed care compared to previous years. For every 100,000 people, 1,648 requested care and 1,358 received care. This is fewer than the average of other places, which is around 2,438 requests and 1,003 receiving care per 100,000 people. This shows Halton needs to focus on its growing older population and how to better support their care needs. Understanding these numbers helps us plan better support for the future. It's important to make sure older people in Halton can get the help they need.

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Case Study

Jamaican female, blind and in her 40s. She was in an emergency Bed & Breakfast with her Niece, who acts as her unofficial carer, she is unable to work but would like to go to University. She is receiving PIP but not the Daily Living Allowance which she applied for in June 2021. She is vulnerable and has a history of self harm so was assigned a rehab Support Worker. Vanessa supported her using the Chatbot to chase up her PIP Daily Living allowance application, after waiting for several months and they received a reply within a week but was awarded the lower rate.

Another Chatbot letter was sent to request an urgent assessment due to her vulnerability and this was action quickly by the LA. Vanessa also supported her to use the chatbot and ask the Social worker to be moved to a place that supports her needs and rights. As she was having to use a shared bathroom, toilet and kitchen in a place with drug/alcohol abusers and being blind with no carer, this left her vulnerable. The Chatbot was used again to raise this issue and after a few weeks she was successfully moved to a private property in another area.

This case study is based on real data from Croydon. Have a story to tell? Let us know, and we might display it here!

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Types of care provided

Why is this important?

As above, it is important to see what type of care older people are being provided because it can help explain where additional work is needed.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, many people over 65 receive different types of care. For every 100,000 people, 1,358 older adults receive care, which is more than the England average of about 1,003 per 100,000. The most common type of care is community support with a managed personal budget. This means that people get help while living at home, and Halton has fewer people using this care compared to the average in England. Nursing and residential care are also common, with numbers higher than the average. This information is important because it shows how well Halton supports its older community members, helping them stay in their homes or receive the necessary care. Understanding these numbers helps in planning and improving care services.

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Overall summary of the older people challenges in this locality

Analysis of Older People Overall in Halton

This report examines the situation of older people in Halton, focusing on data about their proportion, requests for care, and services received. Comparisons are made with national averages to understand the context and implications for services and policies.

Demographic Overview

Halton's population increased slightly from 128,456 in 2019 to 129,587 in 2023, which is smaller than the England average of about 377,061 in 2023. The population density was 1,624.3 people per square kilometre in 2021, less than the England mean of 2,468.5.

With only 3.6% rural areas in 2011, Halton is less rural than the national average of 34.6%. Halton is more deprived, with a mean deprivation decile of 3.8 in 2019, compared to England's 5.9. This indicates that many areas in Halton face higher levels of deprivation.

Proportion of Older People

The proportion of older people in Halton rose from 18.235% in 2019 to 19.1586% in 2023, showing a steady increase over the years. In 2023, Halton's proportion was higher than the England mean of 18.5%. An ageing population may lead to higher demand for services for older people.

Requests for Care Among Those Aged 65 and Over

In 2024, there were 2,135 requests for care from people aged 65 and over in Halton, which is 1,647.54 per 100,000 people. The national mean per 100,000 is 2,437.85, so Halton has fewer requests per capita than the national average. This might suggest unmet needs or barriers to accessing services.

People Receiving Care Aged 65 and Over

In 2024, 1,760 older people were receiving care in Halton, which is 1,358.16 per 100,000 people. This is higher than the national mean of 1,002.86 per 100,000. This indicates that a higher proportion of older people in Halton receive care compared to the national average.

More older people receive nursing care (216.07 per 100,000) and residential care (316.39 per 100,000) in Halton than nationally (121.75 and 249.93 per 100,000 respectively). This may reflect higher needs or good service provision in Halton.

Service Use and Requests for Help

In 2025, requests for help in Halton per 100,000 were higher than national averages in areas like assessments (3.09 vs 1.72), care plans (1.54 vs 1.39), direct payments (0.77 vs 0.49), legal issues (0.77 vs 0.68), and mental capacity (3.09 vs 0.59). This suggests specific needs in these areas.

Implications for Service Delivery and Policy

Halton's ageing population and higher use of care services indicate growing demand. The lower requests for care per capita might mean some needs are unmet or barriers exist in accessing services. Higher deprivation levels may contribute to increased need for care.

Services may need to focus on accessibility and addressing specific support areas like assessments and mental capacity. Policies should aim to support older residents and ensure adequate resources are available. Investing in services for older people will help meet the needs of an ageing population in Halton.

Carers

About this section:

When government support falls short, unpaid carers step in to provide care. However, many struggle with burnout, financial pressure, lack of social contact, and a lack of support. This section explores the number of unpaid carers, their increasing workload, and what forms of support are available.

Carers play a vital role in supporting vulnerable adults, often stepping in to provide care when professional services are unavailable or insufficient. The percentage of carers receiving direct payments highlights financial empowerment, the number of carers accessing services reflects local authority outreach, and the number turning to charities underscores unmet needs. Together, these data points reveal systemic strengths and weaknesses: low direct payment uptake may push carers toward charities, while effective services can reduce dependence on charitable support. Understanding these metrics enables targeted interventions to ensure carers receive the recognition and resources they deserve.

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Estimated number of unpaid carers

Why is this important?

Unpaid carers play a crucial role in supporting vulnerable adults, often stepping in to provide care when professional services are unavailable or insufficient. Understanding the number of unpaid carers in a local authority can be complicated. On the one hand, a relatively high proportion might be indicative of not enough being done by the local authority, and/or a strong community. On the other hand, a relatively lower number can mean good service provision, lower need, lower availability to look after family, or a problem with reporting.

Still, understanding the number of unpaid carers is a baseline number that must be considered.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, for every 100,000 people, about 10,681 are unpaid carers. This is more than the England average, which has about 8,204 unpaid carers per 100,000 people. Unpaid carers are very important because they help people who cannot take care of themselves. This information helps us see how many people give their time and care for free in Halton.

Source:

NOMIS NM_2213_1

Note:

These values are widely considered to be an underestimate. See this report from Carers UK for more information.

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Carer Case Study

August 2021 - Patient with dementia who lives in a shared lives setting. Carer had been requesting respite from the council since September 2020. Croydon Social Prescriber helped with a referral to the local authority in March 2021. Assessment conducted, with the promise they would come back with support, which did not happen. 25 August, social prescriber used the chatbot to find the right legal wording for the situation. The email was sent at 4.52pm that day. At 5.12pm the council contacted the carer to discuss the respite. This was the impact of one letter, addressed to a senior team.

This case study is based on real data from Croydon. Have a story to tell? Let us know, and we might display it here!

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How much social contact do carers have?

Why is this important?

Social contact is important for carers’ well-being, as it can help reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness. Understanding the level of social contact that carers have can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a low level of social contact may indicate a need for more social activities or support groups for carers, while a high level of social contact may suggest that carers have a strong support network.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, many carers feel they do not have enough social contact. Only about 28 out of 100 carers are happy with their social time. This is slightly lower than the average across England, which is about 29 out of 100 carers. Social contact is very important for carers’ happiness and well-being, so this is something to think about in Halton.

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Carer Support Type

Why is this important?

The type of support available to carers can vary significantly, impacting their ability to provide care effectively. Understanding the types of support available can help identify areas where additional resources may be needed. For example, a high number of carers receiving respite care may indicate a need for more support with caregiving responsibilities, while a low number of carers receiving financial support may suggest a need for additional financial assistance.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, there are different kinds of support for carers. One type, called direct payments, is given to about 397 out of every 100,000 people. This is much higher than the average in England, which is only about 150 out of 100,000. But when it comes to other types of support, like advice and information, only 58 out of 100,000 people get this in Halton, while the average in England is much higher at about 339 out of 100,000. This means Halton focuses more on giving direct payments to carers compared to other forms of help. Understanding this can help carers in Halton know what kind of support they might get.

Source:

ASCFR/SALT Sheet T47

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Carer ease to get information

Why is this important?

Access to information is crucial for carers to navigate the social care system effectively. Understanding how easy it is for carers to get information can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of carers finding it difficult to get information may indicate a need for improved communication and support services, while a low number of carers finding it difficult to get information may suggest that existing services are effective.

Would you like social care information? Try our Chatbot!

What is this chart saying?

Many carers in Halton find it easy to get information about services. About 66 out of 100 carers agree with this. This is better than the average, which is 59 out of 100. This means carers in Halton have an easier time finding help compared to other places. This is important because it helps them provide better care. Having access to the right information quickly means carers can support their loved ones more effectively and feel more confident in their role.

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Carers coming to us for help

Why is this important?

Note: these values are a work in progress… expect these numbers to go up

Access Social Care and other Helplines help people with information, advice, and support related to social care. Understanding the types of calls received by carers can highlight areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of calls related to financial support may indicate a need for more financial assistance for carers, while a high number of calls related to respite care may suggest a need for additional support with caregiving responsibilities.

It is important to note that, just as in the previous section, low numbers of requests might indicate that people don’t know where to get help, don’t feel they can get (or deserve) help, or other outreach problems. This is particularly important because we often work with people where the role of a carer is not recognised, or where the carer themselves does not recognise their role.

What is this chart saying?

No data found

Source:

Access Social Care casework, AccessAva data, and helpline partner submissions

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Overall summary of the unpaid carer challenges in this locality

Analysis of Carers in Halton

Unpaid Carers in Halton

In 2021, Halton had about 13,700 unpaid carers. This means there were 10,680 unpaid carers for every 100,000 people in Halton. This number is higher than the national average of 8,203 unpaid carers per 100,000 people in England. The higher number of carers in Halton may be due to local factors. Halton has more areas of deprivation, with a mean deprivation decile of 3.8 compared to the national mean of 5.9. This means more people might need to care for family or friends without pay.

Social Contact Among Carers

In 2024, 28.1% of carers in Halton said they had as much social contact as they wanted. This is slightly less than the national average of 29.3%. Carers in Halton might feel more isolated because of their caring duties. They may have less time to spend with others or join social activities. Providing more support could help carers have more social contact.

Support Services for Carers

Halton offers direct payments to carers at a rate of 397 per 100,000 people. This is much higher than the national average of 150 per 100,000 people. Direct payments allow carers to arrange their own support, which can help meet their specific needs. However, Halton provides information and advice services at a rate of 58 per 100,000 people, which is lower than the national average of 339 per 100,000 people. Despite this, 66.2% of carers in Halton find it easy to get information about services, compared to 59.3% nationally. This suggests that even though there are fewer information services, they are effective and accessible to carers.

Implications for Service Delivery

The higher number of unpaid carers in Halton indicates a need for more support. Carers may benefit from more social opportunities and respite services to help reduce isolation. The emphasis on direct payments reflects the financial challenges carers face, especially in areas with higher deprivation. Continuing to provide financial support is important to help carers manage their responsibilities.

Halton's success in making information about services easy to find is a positive aspect. Maintaining clear and accessible information helps carers know what support is available. Even with fewer information services, effective communication can meet carers' needs without requiring more resources.

Conclusion

Carers in Halton play a vital role but may face challenges like reduced social contact and financial pressures. The higher provision of direct payments and accessible information services helps support them. Focusing on increasing social support and respite care can further improve carers' well-being. Given the higher levels of deprivation, supporting carers remains important for the community.

Care Providers

About this section:

Care providers are essential for delivering social care services, including home care agencies and care homes. The quality of care they provide can vary significantly, impacting the well-being of service users. This section examines the number and types of care providers, their quality ratings, and some of the difficulties of maintaining high standards. Understanding these metrics is crucial for ensuring that vulnerable individuals receive high-quality care.

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Number and types of care providers (home care agencies, care homes)

Why is this important?

The number and types of care providers in a local authority can impact the availability and quality of social care services. Understanding the distribution of care providers directly influences people’s ability to get the care they need.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, there are more places for people to live in care homes than there are community services to help them live at home. Halton has 11 community services, while the average is 64 for similar areas. This means Halton has much fewer community-based services than the usual. For places that offer living-in care, Halton has 23, while the average is 91. This also shows fewer options than other places. It's important because if you need help, there are fewer choices close by in Halton. This information can help understand what support is available and what might be needed more in the future.

Source:

CQC

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Quality ratings from the Care Quality Commission (CQC)

Why is this important?

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) rates care providers based on their quality of care, safety, and effectiveness. Understanding the quality ratings of care providers can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of care providers with low ratings may indicate a need for improved training and support, while a high number of care providers with high ratings may suggest that existing services are effective.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, a lot of care providers need to be better. About 26 out of every 100 care providers in Halton need improvement or are not good enough. This is higher than the average in England, where only 17 out of 100 need improvement. This means people in Halton might find it harder to get good care. It is important to know this so we can work on making care services better for everyone.

Source:

CQC

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Framework rates?

Why is this important?

Framework rates are the agreed prices that local authorities pay care providers for social care services, such as home care and residential care. These rates are crucial because they determine the affordability, availability, and quality of care in a city. If rates are too low, providers may struggle to sustain services, leading to workforce shortages, poor care quality, and limited access for those relying on council-funded care.

Understanding framework rates helps assess whether local authorities are adequately funding social care, ensuring fair pay for care workers, and maintaining a sustainable care market that meets residents’ needs.

What is this chart saying?

There is no local authority level data for Framework Rates

Source:

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Provider collapse data?

Why is this important?

Several providers are finding it increasingly difficult to stay in business, and sometimes several providers collapse at once. For example, when pay rises are approved without consultation and effective immediately, providers may not be able to afford to pay their staff. This can cause a chain-effect which leads to collapse in the market, and a lack of care for those who need it.

What is this chart saying?

There is no local authority level data for the risk of Providers collapsing.

Source:

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Workforce Turnover rate

Why is this important?

Workforce turnover rate is a measure of the number of staff leaving a care provider over a specific period. High turnover rates can indicate issues with staff retention, such as low pay, poor working conditions, or lack of training and support. Understanding workforce turnover rates can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed to improve staff retention and ensure high-quality care services.

NOTE: This data series is based on regional data

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, the turnover rate for social care workers is almost the same as the average for all of England. Turnover rate means how many workers leave their jobs in a year. In Halton, about 25 out of every 100 workers leave their jobs each year. This is nearly the same as in the whole country. Knowing this helps us understand how stable or changing the workforce is in Halton. If many workers leave, it might affect the care people get. Keeping a steady workforce means better and more reliable care for people who need help.

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Workforce: Challenge retaining Staff

Why is this important?

Staff retention is crucial for maintaining high-quality care services. Understanding the challenges faced by care providers in retaining staff can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of care providers struggling to retain staff may indicate a need for improved training and support, while a low number of care providers facing retention challenges may suggest that existing services are effective.

This dataset describes the results of a survey asking care providers about their challenges in retaining staff.

NOTE: This data series is based on regional data

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, keeping staff is harder than in many other places. About 70 out of 100 people say it is more difficult to keep staff in social care. This is a bit higher than the average in England, where about 68 out of 100 people find it hard. Making sure there are enough staff is important. It helps everyone get the care they need. Knowing this can help make plans to improve support for staff and people needing care.

Source:

Workforce_survey_data_tables, Tab 6_2

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Workforce: Vacancy rate

Why is this important?

Vacancy rate is a measure of the number of unfilled positions within a care provider over a specific period. High vacancy rates can indicate issues with staff recruitment, such as low pay, poor working conditions, or lack of training and support. Understanding vacancy rates can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed to improve staff recruitment and ensure high-quality care services.

What is this chart saying?

The vacancy rate for social care in Halton is 11.1 percent. This means that more than 11 spots out of every 100 are empty. In England, the average vacancy rate is 8.4 percent, which is lower than in Halton. Having a high vacancy rate can be a problem because there might not be enough staff to help everyone who needs care. When there are fewer workers, people might have to wait longer for help. This is important because getting care quickly is very important for many disabled people. Understanding these numbers helps us see where more support might be needed.

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Workforce: Challenge recruiting Staff

Why is this important?

Recruiting staff is essential for maintaining high-quality care services, and for backfilling staff when they leave. Understanding the challenges faced by care providers in recruiting staff can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of care providers struggling to recruit staff may indicate a need for improved training and support, or can point to a systemic problem, such as low pay, poor working conditions, or not enough people interested in this job type.

Staff recruitment is important as it’s one of the areas that have levers to pull outside of social care, for example, by changing how many visas are awarded to social care workers.

NOTE: This data series is based on regional data

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, it is very hard to find staff for social care jobs. It is even harder here compared to other parts of England. In the North West region, over 81 out of 100 people say it is difficult to hire care workers. This is more than the average in England, which is about 80 out of 100 people. This means that there are big challenges in getting enough people to help care for others in Halton. Understanding this helps us see why it is important to find solutions to support disabled people and improve care services.

Source:

Workforce_survey_data_tables, Tab 6_2

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Overall summary of the Care Provider challenges in this locality

Analysis of Care Providers in Halton

This analysis examines care providers in Halton, focusing on key measures compared to national averages. Halton faces unique challenges that affect care services, including a smaller population and higher levels of deprivation.

Number of Care Providers

In 2024, Halton has 11 community-based adult social care services. The national average is 63.8 providers. Halton also has 23 residential social care providers, while the national average is 91. With a population of about 129,587 in 2023, Halton has approximately 8.5 community-based providers and 17.8 residential providers per 100,000 people. These figures are lower than national averages but reflect Halton's smaller population size.

Quality of Care Providers

A concern is the proportion of care providers needing improvement or rated inadequate. In Halton, 26.47% of care providers fall into this category in 2024, compared to the national average of 16.8%. This means over a quarter of care services in Halton may not meet expected standards, affecting the quality of care for residents.

Staffing Challenges

Staffing is a significant issue for care providers in Halton. The turnover rate in 2023/24 is 25.43%, similar to the regional average of 25.4%. However, the vacancy rate is 11.11%, higher than the national average of 8.4%. High vacancy rates mean many positions remain unfilled, placing strain on existing staff and potentially affecting care quality.

Furthermore, 81.34% of providers report that recruiting staff is more challenging or much more challenging, slightly higher than the regional average of 79.8%. Also, 69.5% find retaining staff more challenging, compared to 68.1% regionally. These staffing difficulties may contribute to the higher proportion of underperforming care providers in Halton.

Impact of Deprivation

Halton experiences higher levels of deprivation than the national average. The mean deprivation decile in 2019 is 3.8, while the England average is 5.9. A lower decile indicates higher deprivation. The mean deprivation rank for Halton is 10,692.78, compared to the national average of 17,686.4. High deprivation can increase demand for care services and make it harder to attract and retain staff, adding to the challenges faced by care providers.

Conclusion

Care providers in Halton face several challenges. A higher proportion of services need improvement or are inadequate, which may impact the well-being of residents. Staffing issues, including high vacancy rates and difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff, are significant concerns. These problems are likely linked to the higher levels of deprivation in Halton, which can strain resources and increase demand for care.

Addressing these challenges may require targeted efforts to improve staffing, such as offering incentives for care workers. Enhancing support for care providers and allocating resources to areas most in need can help improve the quality of care. By focusing on these areas, Halton can work towards providing better care services for its residents.

Quality Improvement

About this section:

Historically, hospital delays have been due in large part, to the inability to discharge patients into social care. We no longer have DTOC data, but we can still look at the number of hospital delays and the number of facilities requiring improvement.

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CQC Rating of this local authority

[1] "No data available for this local authority"

Why is this important?

CQC, as the regulator of health and social care services in England, is beginning to rate Local Authorities on their social care provision. Understanding the CQC rating of a local authority should be used as the most official evaluation of service care provision. For example, a low rating may indicate a need for improved service delivery, while a high rating may suggest that existing services are effective.

What is this chart saying?

The CQC LA assessment in Halton helps us understand how well social care is working. This is important because it checks if people in Halton are getting good care and support. The assessment is like a test that shows how well the services are doing. When the services do well, people in Halton can have better help and a better life. This information helps improve care, making life better for everyone who needs support.

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Number of hospital delays

Why is this important?

Hospital delays can have a significant impact on patient care and outcomes, and are in large part the result of not having invested sufficiently in social care. Understanding the number of hospital delays in a local authority can be a sympthom of a poorly working social care sector. For example, a high number of hospital delays may indicate a need for improved discharge planning and coordination, not enough places to discharge people to, lack of sufficient staff to assess patients, or a lack of care providers.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, more people are leaving hospitals quickly compared to other places in England. Almost 98 out of 100 people leave without delay, while the average across England is 89 for every 100 people. Fewer people in Halton have to wait longer than needed to leave the hospital. Only about 10 out of 100 people have delays, which is better than the England average of around 12 out of 100 people. This is good news because quicker discharges mean people can continue their recovery at home sooner.

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Average delay

Why is this important?

This metric illustrates how long patients are delayed in hospital before being discharged. Higher average delays mean that patients are spending more time in hospital than necessary, which can lead to increased costs, reduced bed availability, and poorer patient outcomes. This also means that the beds are not available for people that might desperately need them for life-saving procedures.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, the average delay for discharge from care is higher than the England average. For every 100,000 people, the delay is about 1.07 days, while the England average is only 0.7 days. This means that people in Halton have to wait longer to leave care. Understanding this can help make support better for everyone.

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Delayed Transfer of Care

Why is this important?

Delayed Transfer of Care (DTOC) refers to the time between a patient being declared medically fit for discharge and actually leaving the hospital. Understanding the number of DTOCs in a local authority can help identify precisely where the social care system is failing.

Unfortunately, this dataset is no longer being generated.

What is this chart saying?

Data about Delayed Transfers of Care is no longer gathered.

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Reablement Statistics

Why is this important?

Reablement is a short-term service that helps people regain independence and confidence after a period of illness or injury. Understanding the number of people receiving reablement services can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of people receiving reablement services may indicate a need for more support with daily living activities, while a low number of people receiving reablement services may suggest that existing services are effective.

What is this chart saying?

Data about reablement is not available at a local authority level.

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arc data

Coming soon!

Why is this important?

What is this chart saying?

Source:

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Service User Satsfaction

Why is this important?

Service user satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of social care services. Understanding service user satisfaction can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a low level of service user satisfaction may indicate a need for improved service delivery, while a high level of service user satisfaction may suggest that existing services are effective.

It is important to note that the people surveyed are already receiving service care. Notably absent are all the people that are not yet lucky enough to be receiving care.

What is this chart saying?

Many people in Halton, about 69 out of 100, feel happy with their care and support. This is better than the average in England, where only about 65 out of 100 are satisfied. However, another study says that about 57 out of 100 people in Halton are not happy with social care. This is important because it shows that more people in Halton feel good about their care than in the rest of England, but there are still many who need better support. Understanding these numbers helps us see what needs to improve so everyone can get the care they need.

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People using services: Easy to get information

Why is this important?

Access to information is crucial for people using social care services to navigate the system effectively. Understanding how easy it is for people to get information can help local authorities identify areas where additional support and resources may be needed. For example, a high number of people finding it difficult to get information may indicate a need for improved communication and support services, while a low number of people finding it difficult to get information may suggest that existing services are effective.

Would you like social care information? Try our Chatbot!

What is this chart saying?

Many people in Halton find it easy to get information about services. This is important because the number is higher than the average for England. It means most people can learn about the help they need easily. Feeling informed and supported helps everyone have a better life.

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Ombudsman

Why is this important?

An ombudsman is a person who has been appointed to look into complaints about companies and organisations. The number of cases received and decided by the Ombudsman is important because it provides insight into the volume of complaints about a local authority’s social care services and how effectively these complaints are being addressed. The number of cases received indicates the level of dissatisfaction or systemic issues within a council’s care provision, while the number of cases decided shows how efficiently the Ombudsman is processing and resolving complaints. A large gap between the two may suggest delays in complaint handling, leaving individuals waiting.

It is important to note that contacting the Ombudsman is widely considered a last resort, often discouraged, and sometimes penalised.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, for every 100,000 people, about four people ask the ombudsman for help. This is lower than the England average of around four and a half people. When it comes to decisions made by the ombudsman, only about one and a half people out of 100,000 have their cases decided. This is much lower than the England average of a bit more than four people. It is important to know this because it helps us understand how people in Halton use ombudsman services compared to the rest of England.

Source:

Ombudsman

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Overall summary of the quality improvement challenges in this locality

Quality Improvement in Halton

Halton is a local authority with a population of 129,587 people in 2023. It is less densely populated than the England average, with 1,624.3 residents per square kilometre compared to 2,468.5. Halton has higher levels of deprivation, with a mean deprivation decile of 3.8, while the England average is 5.9. This means Halton faces more social and economic challenges.

Hospital Discharges

In November 2024, 97.56% of discharges in Halton were from acceptable trusts. This is higher than the national average of 89%. This suggests that most patients in Halton are discharged from hospitals that meet good standards. Fewer patients are experiencing problems when leaving hospital.

The percentage of discharges that were delayed in Halton was 9.69%, lower than the national average of 12.3%. This means fewer patients had to wait longer than expected to leave hospital. However, the average delay for those who were delayed was 1.07 days, which is higher than the national average of 0.7 days. This means that when delays happen, they last longer in Halton. This could be due to factors like arranging community care or transport.

Patient Satisfaction

In 2024, 68.7% of people in Halton said they were satisfied with their care and support. This is higher than the national average of 64.7%. This shows that most people feel positive about the services they receive. Feeling satisfied can lead to better health outcomes and trust in services.

However, another survey by NatCen reported that 57% of people were dissatisfied with social care. This difference suggests that some people may have concerns about the quality or availability of services. It is important to understand why some people are unhappy so that services can improve.

Access to Information

About 70.2% of people using services in Halton felt it was easy to find information about services. This is slightly higher than the England average of 68.2%. Easy access to information helps people make better choices and find the help they need quickly.

Complaints to the Ombudsman

In 2024, there were 3.86 complaints received by the ombudsman per 100,000 people in Halton. This is lower than the national average of 4.45 per 100,000. The number of complaints decided was 1.54 per 100,000, also lower than the England average of 4.12 per 100,000. Fewer complaints might mean that people are more satisfied with services, or it could mean they are less likely to make a complaint. It is important that people feel able to raise concerns when needed.

Implications for Services

Halton's higher levels of deprivation can increase the demand for health and social care services. Despite this, the area shows good performance in several areas. High satisfaction and better access to information suggest that services are meeting people's needs. Lower rates of delayed discharges show that hospitals and community services are working well together.

However, the longer delays when they do happen indicate there is room for improvement. Services might need to focus on the reasons for these delays, like arranging care packages or transport. Addressing these issues can help reduce the length of delays.

Conclusion

Halton is performing well in many aspects of health and social care quality. Most people are satisfied with their care, and access to information is good. While there are fewer delayed discharges, the ones that do occur last longer. Understanding and addressing these issues can help improve services further.

Considering the higher levels of deprivation, it is important for Halton to continue focusing on supporting those in need. By building on the strengths shown in the data, services can continue to improve the quality of care for everyone in the area.

Finances

About this section:

We need to understand how much money is being spent on social care, and what this provides. First, let’s look at values reported by local authorities.

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Gross Total Expenditure

Why is this important?

Gross Current Expenditure (2023-24) captures the total operational cost of services, indicating overall demand and financial commitment. This includes spending on residential and non-residential care, direct payments, and other social care services. Understanding gross expenditure helps assess the scale of social care provision and financial pressures on local authorities.

What is this chart saying?

Halton spends a lot on social care. For every 100,000 people, Halton spends more money than most places in England. It is much higher than the England average. This extra spending can help provide more or better services for disabled people in Halton. It might mean better care and support for everyone who needs it. This is important because good support can improve everyday life for disabled people.

Source:

ASCFR/SALT Sheet T3

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Net Total Expenditure

Why is this important?

This figure reflects the net cost of social care provision to the local authority, indicating the extent of financial support required to meet service demands. Understanding net expenditure helps assess the financial sustainability of social care services and the commitment level of the local authority.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, spending on social care for disabled people is very high compared to the England average. For every 100,000 people, Halton spends much more money than the average in England. This means that extra support and services are available for those who need them. Having more spending can help improve the quality of care for disabled people.

Source:

ASCFR/SALT Sheet T3

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Client Contributions

Why is this important?

Client Contributions, otherwise known as “Charging”, show the extent to which service users offset costs. Understanding client contributions helps assess the financial burden on individuals and the local authority, highlighting the need for fair and equitable funding mechanisms.

It is important to note that not all local authorities charge for social care services, and that charging can be a barrier to accessing care for some individuals.

What is this chart saying?

In 2024, the money from people in Halton for social care is higher than in England on average. For every 100,000 people, Halton gets more money toward social care than the average for the whole of England. This means Halton can use this extra money to help more people who need support.

Source:

ASCFR/SALT Sheet T3

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NHS Contributions

Why is this important?

Income from NHS reflects external funding and collaboration with the health sector. Understanding NHS contributions helps understand the level of integration between health and social care.

What is this chart saying?

In Halton, the NHS helps with social care by giving money. This support is higher than the average in England. For every 100,000 people in Halton, the NHS's contribution is more than 11,700 pounds. This helps disabled people get the care they need. In England, the average contribution is about 7,900 pounds for the same number of people. This difference means Halton is getting more support to make sure everyone has access to important services.

Source:

ASCFR/SALT Sheet T3

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Budget Cuts

Why is this important?

Budget Cuts indicate financial constraints and potential service reductions. Sometimes, budget cuts are explicit, but other times, they aren’t mentioned directly, making tracking this information difficult to access.

As such, this data is not consistently available for all local authorities.

Source:

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Assessment of sufficiency

Why is this important?

Access Social Care have made a series of Freedom of Information requests about the government’s own assessment of sufficiency of social care funding. The social care sector is in crisis, yet the government refuses to disclose how it determines funding sufficiency. Without transparency, there is little accountability, no independent scrutiny to improve decision-making, and government trust heavily impacted. Evidence from across the sector indicates a severe funding gap, but without open data, meaningful reform remains impossible. True solutions require honesty about the scale of the problem to then work towards a fair and equitable funding model.

The government appears to know how much money is required for social care, and yet they are not making that known.

Source:

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Overall summary of the budget and financial challenges in this locality

Social Care Spending in Halton

In 2024, Halton's gross total expenditure on social care per 100,000 people was £63,733.46. This is notably higher than the England average of £47,758.16 per 100,000 people. This suggests that Halton invests more in social care compared to other areas.

The net total expenditure per 100,000 people in Halton was £52,796.40, while the national average was £40,471.81 per 100,000 people. This indicates that after accounting for income, Halton's spending remains higher than the average.

Client and NHS Contributions

Client contributions in Halton were £10,937.05 per 100,000 people, compared to the national average of £7,286.35 per 100,000 people. This means that people in Halton pay more towards their social care services than in other areas.

NHS contributions to social care in Halton were £11,717.22 per 100,000 people, higher than the England average of £7,878.45 per 100,000 people. This shows greater NHS involvement in funding social care in Halton.

Population and Deprivation

Halton has a population of around 129,587 people in 2023, which is smaller than the England average of 377,060.9. The population density in Halton is 1,624.3 people per square kilometre, lower than the England average of 2,468.5 people per square kilometre.

The mean deprivation decile in Halton is 3.8, which is below the England mean of 5.9. A lower decile indicates higher levels of deprivation. This suggests that Halton is more deprived than the average area in England. The standard deviation of deprivation deciles is 2.86, higher than the national average of 2.3, indicating a wider spread of deprivation levels within Halton.

Only 3.62% of Halton is rural, compared to the England average of 34.6%. This means Halton is mostly urban.

Interpretation and Implications

The higher spending on social care in Halton could be due to its higher levels of deprivation. Areas with more deprivation often have greater need for social care services. The higher client contributions may reflect a higher demand for services or a policy approach in Halton where clients contribute more.

The greater NHS contributions might indicate closer collaboration between social care and health services in Halton. This could help address increased health and social care needs in the area.

The smaller population size and lower density might affect the cost of delivering services. Providing services in areas with fewer people can be more expensive per person. However, Halton's urban nature could offset some of these costs.

The data suggests that Halton faces significant social care demands due to deprivation. Higher spending may be necessary to meet the needs of its population. Policy makers might consider these factors when allocating resources.